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More than a Buzzword: Inclusion in Middle Grade (a very short list!)

By on April 23, 2025   /   Articles, Book Lists  

When you work in a school, there are some topics that permeate conversations and crop up in every

corner of life as an educator. Usually, they’re tangled up with buzzwords: engagement, data-driven instruction, differentiation… you could make a pretty long list. My fellow teacher-authors are probably making one even now as they read these words.

Sometimes we get so deep into the weeds on topics like this that we forget why we’re talking about them in the first place. That can definitely happen with my all-time favorite buzzword: inclusion.

 

There’s a lot to unpack in that word. As a special educator, I’ve been a part of panels, focus groups, school-wide initiatives—and I have at least three t-shirts (because if you don’t get a t-shirt, did it even really happen?). But the human side of inclusion—the story—can sometimes get lost in all the planning and coordinating.

That’s when the author in me turns back to the books that, in recent years, have tackled this delicate subject so beautifully and honestly. It’s a long list, but I’ve pared it down to my current top five. Whether you work in education, have a child with special needs, or just like being a good human, these are all worth a look (even if you don’t get a t-shirt).

The Miscalculations of Lightning Girl, by Stacy McAnulty

What it’s about: After a lightning strike grants Lucy Callahan genius-level math abilities and obsessive-compulsive tendencies, she’s been homeschooled and is ready for college at 12. However, her grandmother insists she attend middle school for a year to experience life beyond numbers. Lucy navigates the challenges of public school, friendships, and a community service project at a dog shelter, all while managing her OCD and hiding her extraordinary intellect. Through these experiences, she learns that some problems can’t be solved with equations alone.

Why it’s great for inclusion: This story explores the incredibly challenging landscape of social interactions in school and the nature of friendship. There are a lot of layers, and in some ways, the book raises more questions than it answers—but that’s exactly why it’s such a strong choice for sparking conversation about inclusion.

 

Out of My Mind by Sharon M. Draper 

What it’s about: Melody Brooks is an 11-year-old with cerebral palsy who cannot walk or speak, but she possesses a photographic memory and a brilliant mind. Despite her intelligence, she’s often underestimated due to her physical limitations. When she gains access to a communication device, Melody finally has the opportunity to express herself and prove her capabilities. 

Why it’s great for inclusion: There’s an idea in the special education world we often call presumed competence. At its core, it’s the belief that, regardless of how someone presents or the assumptions others make about them, it’s always best to operate on the assumption that they’re just as capable as anyone else. It also pushes back against the notion that if someone can’t communicate, they must not have anything to say. There are so many kids still learning how to use their voice effectively, and Melody’s transformation in this book is a case study in the power of expression and self-advocacy.

 

Stuntboy, in the Meantime by Jason Reynolds

What it’s about: Portico Reeves, a spirited and imaginative boy, adopts the alter ego “Stuntboy” to navigate the challenges of his daily life. Living in a bustling apartment complex he views as a castle, Portico uses his superhero persona to protect those around him, especially as he grapples with his parents’ escalating arguments and the anxiety they cause. With the support of his best friend Zola, Portico learns coping mechanisms to manage his “frets” and discovers that true heroism lies in resilience and empathy. This illustrated novel combines humor, heart, and a unique narrative style to explore themes of family, mental health, and community.​

Why it’s great for inclusion: In many respects, schools across the country are just beginning to grapple with the growing needs related to anxiety and other mental health challenges in children. Jonathan Haidt’s recent book The Anxious Generation is one of many that explore this issue in depth, backed by compelling research on the rise of mental health struggles in young people.

Recognizing these challenges in the classroom—and building supports to effectively include kids who are navigating them—isn’t easy. But Jason Reynolds introduces the topic with a fun, accessible tone that still deals honestly with the struggle.

Another great read on this subject is Carla Naumburg’s How to Stop Freaking Out: The Ultimate Guide to Keeping Cool When Life Feels Chaotic. I actually interviewed her about the book last year—check that out here if you’re interested in digging a little deeper!

 

Good Different by Meg Eden Kuyatt 

What it’s about: Selah Godfrey has always followed her personal “rules for being normal,” masking her true self to fit in. But when sensory overload leads to an outburst at school, her carefully constructed world begins to unravel. Told in poignant verse, this novel explores Selah’s journey toward self-acceptance and advocacy, highlighting the challenges and triumphs of embracing one’s neurodivergence. An empowering read that underscores the importance of understanding and inclusion.

Why it’s great for inclusion: The concept of masking is generating a lot of conversation right now—especially around how much an autistic child should be expected to change in order to fit into the world around them. Selah’s story offers a powerful lens on that topic. It encourages discussion about the nature of acceptance, neurodivergence, and what true inclusion can (and should) look like in a school setting.

 

Planet Earth Is Blue by Nicole Panteleakos

What it’s about: Set in 1986, this story follows twelve-year-old Nova, a nonverbal autistic girl with a deep passion for space exploration. Recently placed in a new foster home, Nova eagerly anticipates the launch of the space shuttle Challenger, a moment she and her missing sister, Bridget, had planned to watch together. As the countdown to the launch progresses, Nova’s new foster family and teachers begin to recognize her intelligence and potential, challenging their initial perceptions. Through Nova’s perspective, the story explores themes of understanding, resilience, and the profound impact of being truly seen and valued.​

Why it’s great for inclusion: For many years, I’d spend part of September visiting classrooms and showing neurotypical students how to use AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication). My goal was to help them understand that different methods of communication are equally valid—and that students who use them deserve to be heard.

Planet Earth Is Blue is a powerful example of this idea in action. Nova is a thoughtful and passionate girl who happens to be nonverbal. In my opinion, nonverbal characters are still underrepresented in books about neurodivergent kids, so it’s refreshing to see a story so fully centered on someone like her.

 

For more great recommendations on the broader topic of diversity in middle grade, absolutely check out our diversity series, which is full of great recommendations, many of which address themes like neurodiversity and inclusion (check out this recent list, for example!). 

What are you reading on this topic? Feel free to leave a comment, and let’s keep the conversation going!

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STEM Tuesday– Naturalists– Author Interview: Danna Staaf

By on April 22, 2025   /   Author Interviews, Earth Day, STEM Tuesday  

Welcome to STEM Tuesday: Author Interview, a repeating feature for the last Tuesday of every month. Go Science-Tech-Engineering-Math!

Today we’re featuring Danna Staaf, a marine biologist and author of several science books. Her book The Lady and the Octopus: How Jeanne Villepreux-Power Invented Aquariums and Revolutionized Marine Biology garnered these reviews:

  • Notable Award Children’s Book Committee at Bank Street College Best Children’s Book of the Year, 2023
  • Booklist Top 10 History for Youth, 2023
  • Booklist Top 10 Science and Technology Books for Youth, 2023
  • Cooperative Children’s Book Center (CCBC) Choices, 2023
  • Booklist Top 10 Biographies & Memoirs for Youth, 2023
  • School Library Journal Best Book of 2022

 

Andi Diehn: I love your sidebar in the first few pages about historic accuracy and doing our best with what we know until we can add to that knowledge. Why include this?

Danna Staaf: Honesty really is the best policy, especially when talking to children. Both the historical and the scientific record are intrinsically incomplete—there are open questions, missing data points, ambiguous findings. I felt it was very important to acknowledge that uncertainty up front, and not to pretend that I had all the answers. At the same time, I spent years researching this book, and I did have a lot of information, which gave me the ability to make guesses in good faith about missing pieces. This is how we build a trusting relationship with readers, by saying, “I don’t know everything. I’ll tell you what I do know, and how I know it. When I have to make guesses, I’ll tell you why those guesses are reasonable. And I’ll admit that they might turn out to be wrong later.”

I think about all the dinosaur books I read when I was a little kid, and the old misinterpretations of what dinosaurs looked like and how they lived. Most of those authors were doing the best they could with the available research—and they inspired the next generation of scientists to go out and do more research, to show which guesses were right and which were wrong. That’s the iterative nature of knowledge. It’s beautiful.

AD: I like how you made it clear that Jeanne was able to study and practice science because of her privileged position as a married woman with no children – why is this important for readers to be aware of?

DS: It’s a really interesting topic! When I first began to read about Jeanne, I thought her story would be strongly impacted by sexism, both during and after her life. And she absolutely did have to contend with sexism. A man who wasn’t even a scientist tried to take credit for her work, and although she managed to join several scientific societies as their first female member, the Royal Society (the UK’s national science academy) refused to admit women until 1945! Sexism likely also played a role in how quickly her work was forgotten after her death. However, as I read more of her writing and her peers’ writing about her, I became very impressed by how successfully she advocated for herself. Now I think that the reason we know as much about her as we do, and indeed the reason I had enough material to write this book, was her own determination to publish her research and get credit for it.

But Jeanne’s ability to research and advocate effectively was greatly enhanced by her privilege. In addition to being married and childless, she was white and wealthy. Before her marriage, she struggled to support herself and couldn’t devote time to natural history, but afterward, she had the resources and the leisure to pursue her curiosity. Wouldn’t it be great if everyone had that freedom? How many more wonderful discoveries and inventions could be made? I hope it helps readers think about who has been left out of history, and why, and what we can do to create a more just society.

AD: I love your phrase on page 43 about studying “marine life instead of marine death” – why does this distinction matter?

DS: I actually think about it even more now than I did while I was writing this book! When Jeanne started working in natural history, especially in the field we now call marine biology, most people were very focused on studying dead specimens. They killed and dissected animals; they preserved skeletons and furs and shells. Even setting aside the ethics of doing science like that, they missed so much by not looking at living animals. Especially in the ocean, an animal can look completely different when it’s alive in its natural habitat—think of a jellyfish swimming gracefully through the water, which dissolves into goo if you kill it and try to preserve it. And behavior! The only way to really see how animals move, hunt, court, mate, and so forth is to observe it.

Science has come a long way from the days of pickling and dissecting everything in order to study it, in large part thanks to people like Jeanne and inventions like her aquariums. And yet there are still some stubborn remnants of this attitude. To describe a new species, it’s generally accepted that a dead specimen needs to be put in a museum somewhere. Now, I don’t want to discount the importance of museum collections in any way—those historical specimens are absolutely vital to our understanding of life, and even to the conservation and protection of living organisms, because scientists use the knowledge from those specimens to figure out things like which species are left in a coral reef or a rain forest, and how many are new to science. But now that we have high-resolution video capabilities, 3D scans, CT scans, and so forth, maybe we can shift toward identifying species without needing to kill individuals so often.

AD: She’s a scientist but also an inventor – how does scientific inquiry and invention go hand in hand?

DS: Scientists are always inventing gadgets to help them figure out the answers to their questions, from high-tech to low-tech and everything in between. When I was in graduate school studying squid, I wanted to know how temperature affected the development of squid eggs, so I worked with a really skilled technician to design a little incubator that could keep dishes of seawater at a range of different temperatures. It had a bunch of carefully machined metal pieces, all very precise. Then I took it on a research boat in Mexico in very hot weather, and I had to improvise a combination of bubble wrap and a desk fan to keep the whole assembly from overheating! Then, I also learned how to write computer programs to analyze the data I gathered. I’d say those are both forms of invention. Sometimes scientists’ inventions are very specific to a particular need, like my incubator, and sometimes they find more general applications, like Jeanne’s aquariums. You never know!

AD: What was your favorite thing you learned from your research?

DS: How can I pick just one?? I learned that that the tides in the Mediterranean Sea are more impacted by the local geography than by the moon, so when it’s high tide on one side of the Strait of Messina, it’s low tide on the other side, just a few kilometers away. I learned that an engineer named Charles Condert developed a type of scuba gear a hundred years ahead of Cousteau’s Aqua-Lung, and made many successful dives before dying in a tragic underwater accident–the first known scuba fatality. I learned that Benjamin Franklin carried around a little container of oil in his walking stick, so he could impress people by pouring it on rough water and calming the waves. But, if I have to pick, I think my favorite research gem was learning about Anna Thynne. She’d studied geology for years, and fell in love with corals because she saw them as living rocks. I love her account of collecting corals, which I didn’t have room to include in the book: “With a needle and thread I fixed the Madrepores [corals] on a large sponge, that there might be no damage from collision, and then placed them in a glass jar filled to the brim with water, and tied down with a bladder….During the journey [home from the seashore], I had the great pleasure of seeing them expand their tentacula most happily; and they arrived both at Clifton and London in a most flourishing state.”

AD: What did you like best about writing a biography? Was there anything frustrating about the project?

DS: I have to confess that history was my least favorite subject in school. I struggled to memorize the names and dates of monarchs and battles, while I had no trouble memorizing octopus species. So the historical research for this book was the biggest challenge for me. I had to read the timeline of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars over and over again to make sure I was getting everything right.

That said, it might also be the thing I liked best. I found that world events became much more interesting to me when I could link them with Jeanne’s life. Writing a biography actually kindled my interest in history, and helped me see how seemingly abstract monarch names and battle dates affected real people’s lives, even impacting the course of science. Now I can remember that Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo in 1815, because it led directly to Jeanne sewing a royal wedding gown in 1816, which led in turn to her meeting her future husband, and the beginning of her career in marine biology!

 

Danna Staaf is a science communicator and marine biologist who earned a PhD from Stanford University with her studies of baby squid. Her writing has appeared in Smithsonian, Nautilus, Atlas Obscura, and Science, and she is the author of Monarchs of the Sea: The Extraordinary 500-Million-Year History of Cephalopods (named one of Science Friday’s best science books of the year), The Lady and the Octopus: How Jeanne Villepreux-Power Invented Aquariums and Revolutionized Marine Biology (a best book of the year of the School Library Journal and the Children’s Book Committee), and Nursery Earth: The Wondrous Lives of Baby Animals and the Extraordinary Ways They Shape Our World (hailed as “a gobsmacking delight!”). Her newest book is The Lives of Octopuses and their Relatives: A Natural History of Cephalopods. Staaf lives in San Jose, California, with her husband, children, cat, and innumerable plush octopuses.

 

Andi Diehn

Andi Diehn works as an editor for Nomad Press and has written many STEM books for kids!

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Interview With Debut Author Karen McCoy

By on April 20, 2025   /   Articles  

I am thrilled to welcome author Karen McCoy to the Mixed-Up Files to discuss her debut novel, The Etiquette of Voles (Artemesia Publishing), available June 10th. I first met Karen when she interviewed me about my debut novel, OLLIE OXLEY AND THE GHOST, for her blog. She has always been such a huge supporter of mine and the writing community, so interviewing and celebrating Karen feels especially poignant. This is truly a full-circle moment, and I could not be more delighted. 

Summary: The Etiquette of Voles

Book cover of The Etiquette of Voles

Life is lonely in Queen Victoria’s London, especially for a talking vole. Chains may be the equal of any human detective, but there’s one case he can’t solve: where he came from and why he can speak.

Luckily, he has the help of Eldridge, the retired investigator he lives with. Their latest job–a shipload of missing fish destined for experimentation–might provide some needed answers. But when Eldridge is kidnapped, Chains is left without sanctuary at a time he badly needs friends. Especially with profiteers, scientists, and pirates from London’s mad scientific underbelly after his hide.

The more clues Chains unearths, the more certain he is that finding Eldridge will also unlock the mystery of how Chains originally came to be, and might even offer him a place to truly belong. But someone he thought he could trust doesn’t want that to happen. A talking vole may offer a significant breakthrough, but a silenced one is preferred.

Lisa: Tell us about The Etiquette of Voles. 

Karen: The Etiquette of Voles centers on a talking vole named Chains who solves mysteries to figure out why he can talk. His story takes place in Victorian London, in the mid-1890s. After Eldridge, the man he lives with, is kidnapped, Chains searches for clues that end up leading toward information about his past. He befriends an orphan boy who agrees to help, and even has a run-in with some pirates! The more clues Chains unearths, the more certain he is that finding Eldridge will also unlock the mystery of how Chains originally came to be, and might even offer him a place to truly belong. But someone he thought he could trust doesn’t want that to happen.  

Lisa: How did you come up with the idea? 

Karen: The vole came to me very clearly one day, demanding to be written down. I knew that he called himself “Chains” because of Charles Darwin’s misinterpreted “missing link” theory (and because he was made this way, and not a result of evolution). I also knew that part of Chains’s journey would involve him figuring out the mystery of his origins, and the story kind of grew legs from there. The Victorian London setting was inspired by my annual trips to The Great Dickens Christmas Fair, which is held in Daly City, CA every year during the holidays. 

Lisa: Did you base any characters on people you know? If yes, spill the beans! 

Karen: The fact that Eldridge has problems with his memory is actually inspired by my interactions with my older family members who are starting to struggle with this kind of thing. It’s really tough to see someone you care about experience this first-hand. Most everyone else was pretty much found on the page as I wrote them. Though a few names came from people I know. Eldridge is the last name of a friend of mine, for example. 

Lisa: How much of your real-life experiences play a role in the stories you tell? 

Karen: A lot of my stories contain characters who end up learning about lives, places, and worlds they’ve been shielded from. I think this is because I was pretty over-protected as a kid and teen. As a result, I learned a lot of things late, and all at once. I firmly believe that kids can handle most kinds of information, as long as it’s presented in a kid-friendly way. I was also kind of a late bloomer, and I had trouble with social skills for a long time. As a result, it was often hard for me to make and keep friends, at least until I got to college. This is why, I think, a lot of my writing also involves found families; in particular, characters finding a community where they can be themselves, and people who understand and accept them for who they are. 

Lisa: What books did you like to read when you were a kid? Do those books influence your writing? 

Karen: I loved books so much as a kid, and I was a very avid reader! Books were the perfect escape. I really enjoyed The Mouse and the Motorcycle by Beverly Cleary, Matilda by Roald Dahl and The Babysitters Club series by Ann M. Martin. Authors like these continually influence my writing, and I love stories with wit, snark, and adventure!

Lisa: Do you have a favorite chapter? If yes, why? 

Karen: The chapter, “A Parcel of Pirates” was a lot of fun! I had a great time coming up with quirky characters for my vole to interact with.   

Lisa: What was the hardest part about writing this book?

Karen: Same chapter with the pirates, ha. Battle scenes have a lot of logistics that require an attention to detail and attention to the space the characters are in. I often struggle with spatial relations stuff, both in real life, and in the stories I write. 

Lisa: Why did you choose to write children’s books? 

Karen: I remember as a seven-year-old, pointing to the middle of a Babysitters Club book and thinking, “I want to do this.” Even though that was as much as my kid self could comprehend at that point. Some of my first fully drafted novels were YA, or at least I thought they were, until I discovered that my voice was a lot more suited to the middle-grade space. I am most passionate about writing books for children who feel invisible. 

Lisa: What is your writing process? Are you a plotter or a pantser? 

Karen: Um…a plantser? Definitely some of both. I was a shameless pantser for a long time…until I revised for five years in the wrong direction on a project. Yikes. I took outlines a lot more seriously after that, but they’re still pretty loose, since I still discover a lot on the page. I tend to follow a three-act structure model, like the one found in Save the Cat, and I like to at least know general benchmarks of where the plot is going before I get started.

Lisa: What advice would you give 12 year-old Karen? 

Karen: That people’s perceptions aren’t necessarily an accurate depiction of who she really is. That she has good instincts she can trust. And yes, even though those essays she has to write in history class are hard, they will serve her very well going forward, and that same history teacher will be instrumental in her life journey. And, most importantly, that being different can be a good thing, and she should be proud of the healthy sense of empathy she is developing.

Lisa: Thanks for visiting the Mixed-Up Files to discuss your debut novel. I can hardly wait to celebrate your launch on Sunday, June 15th, from 1:00 to 2:30 at Ruby’s Books, where we will be in conversation!  To all our readers, be sure to add The Etiquette of Voles to your Goodreads list and pre-order at your favorite local indie. 

About Karen McCoy:

Karen McCoy

Karen is an author, librarian, and tea enthusiast. She maintains a blog, The Writer Librarian, where she interviews other authors. She has also reviewed books for Library Journal and Children’s Literature, wrote a feature article for School Library Journal and contributed a chapter to Now Write! Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror. She currently lives in Northern California with her husband and two very opinionated cats. This is her first published novel. Lena has been drawing since childhood and filled her school notebooks with doodles. But life took me Lena in other directions, and she stopped drawing for many years. She moved to beautiful British Columbia from Saint-Petersburg, Russia, in 2017, and was so inspired by that beautiful place that she started drawing again and fell in love with art even more and in a completely different way. She loves spending her creative days inventing characters and worlds for them. She’s addicted to children’s book illustrations and loves to give warmth and joy to children through her illustrations. For more information, please visit her website.

“Rich in intrigue and adventure, The Etiquette of Voles is a heart-pounding mystery about identity, belonging, and what it means to have a voice—even from one so small but mighty!” ~Lisa Schmid



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