Posts Tagged middle-grade nonfiction

Today I’m interviewing Rachel Ignotofsky author of Dinosaurs: Exploring Prehistoric Life and Geological Time. And boy oh boy is this a spectacular book of “educational art” (Rachel’s moniker)! Readers are taken on a visual journey through deep time from single-celled organisms to early humans (which happens to also include dinosaurs!)  Fans, like me, of Rachel’s What’s Inside books will be delighted discover that this book is another stunner – in art and information.

And now, let’s blast to the past!

Emily Starr: Kids love dinosaurs! That means there are a lot of dinosaur books. What made you want to create a dinosaur book, and how did you convince editors your book was different? (As if your incredible illustrations and focus on geological time don’t speak for themselves!)

Rachel Ignotofsky: This book is a lot more than just a Dinosaur book. It goes through Earth’s over 4.5-billion-year history! I have never seen a book do that with cartoony illustrations before. Of course, the Mesozoic Era, when the dinosaurs lived, is a real focus in the book, but I also talk about everything that happened before and after as well.

I also wanted the art in this book to really feel alive, pretty and even silly at times, but also make sure it was scientifically accurate. All my art is based on real fossil beds, so everything in scenes together are plants and animals that lived at the same time and place. With each turn of the page, you can see how much our planet has changed.

Emily Starr: I think most children (and adults) will be shocked to learn that “T. rex lived closer in time (by about 16 million years) to the first automobile than to a Stegosaurus, whose bones would be long fossilized by the time T. rex was on the hunt.” What other information from your research surprised you most?

Rachel Ignotofsky: I was amazed by how far technology has come looking at fossils, since I was a kid. For example, Scientists know the colors of certain dinosaurs by looking inside the microscopic cells of fossilized Dino-feathers. This is how they know that Microraptor had shiny black feathers just like today’s crow.

Emily Starr: It can be difficult even for adults to wrap their minds around the length of time represented by billions of years. Do you have any tips for helping children to understand vast timescales?

Rachel Ignotofsky: It is hard to understand deep time! For me, it really hit when I learned that the dinosaurs during the Jurassic Period were already fossils by the time the Cretaceous period, Triceratops walked around. Scientist have come up with a nifty system called the Geological Time Scale that breaks down earth history into Eons, and smaller and smaller units called Eras, Periods and Epochs. This helps you keep track of where you are in time, and I had a lot of fun using that system to create the chapters in my book.

There is also a great video showing all of earth history laid out on football field, where human history only took up 1/8^th of an inch. That really helped me understand it as well!

Emily Starr: Illustrating animals that we have only seen fossils of is a unique challenge. How do you decide how to represent features that aren’t revealed though bone structure–like color, body shape and skin features?

Rachel Ignotofsky: Because the art in my book was very stylized, I had a lot of fun with what was unknown! You look at patterns and color combos that you find in nature to make something really cool. I also had my book fact checked by Paleontologist Dr. Thomas R. Holtz, and there were times that the colors of feathered dinosaurs were known for certain. When that is the case, I let facts tell me what to draw.

Emily Starr: What do you hope young readers notice in your illustrations?

Rachel Ignotofsky: There are a lot of little hidden jokes. I hope kids can find all of them!

Emily Starr: In your acknowledgements you mention your husband organized trips to museums and dig sites. What were some of your favorites? Were there specific details you learned during an in-person trip that you didn’t know from previous research?

Rachel Ignotofsky: My all-time favorite was U-dig Fossils. This is a shale quarry out in the middle of nowhere in Utah. You feel like you are on the moon in the desert, and you are surrounded by a giant mound of Trilobite fossils from over 500 million years ago.

I chiseled opened giant slabs of shale to reveal perfectly preserved trilobites that I got to take home with me! And I looked at my little fossils while drawing the Cambrian period creature feature artwork. Digging up my own fossils was so inspiring for making the art in the book.

Emily Starr: One of my favorite features in the book are the “Stories of Discovery.” They really connect young readers to the science of paleontology and spotlight how we know about Earth’s ancient creatures. Were there any interesting fossil sites that didn’t make it into the book? Similarly, are there any additional unbelievable organisms that ended up on the cutting room floor?

Rachel Ignotofsky: I wish I talked more about the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, which are filled with ice age animals like Giant Ground Sloths. Columbian Mammoths, and Saber-Toothed cats. The tar pits were a naturally occurring death trap that animals would fall into. It was also the perfect conditions to become a fossil. I love visiting the Tar Pit and the museum’s fossil lab is super cool!

One dinosaur that I wish I featured more was Spinosaurus. I did draw a small spot illustration for Spinosaurus, but wish I had the space to give this dino a larger feature. It was a large carnivore found in Africa that lived over 94 million years ago and splashed around swamps. Scientists think it had a large sail on its back that might have been part of an elaborate mating display.

Emily Starr: Do you have upcoming projects you can share with our readers?

Rachel Ignotofsky: I sure do! This March I am publishing a Dinosaurs Coloring Book and a sticker book called Dinosaurs: Stickerology. I am super excited to see what both kids and adults make with these hands on books!

Rachel Ignotofsky is the New York Times bestselling author and illustrator of Women in Science, Women in Sports, Women in Art, The Wondrous Workings of Planet Earth, The History of the Computer, and the What’s Inside picture book series. Rachel’s art has been embraced by the science community and she has spoken at and partnered with institutions like NASA, the San Diego Natural History Museum, The Field Museum, and many more. When she is not drawing, you’ll find her hiking and fossil hunting for fun.

As a former fourth grade teacher and founder of StarrMatica, a STEM publishing company, Emily Starr has developed award-winning K-5 science curriculum and professional learning materials for 20 years. She is a member of the Iowa State Science Leadership Team, a peer reviewer for the National Science Teaching Association’s journal Science and Children, and a frequent presenter at state and national education conferences. Her debut middle grade nonfiction book will be released in 2026 from the Iowa Ag Literacy Foundation.